A method for preparing silicon nanowires by cathodic molten salt electrolysis using NaF, LiCl3, NaCl, KCl, KF, Na2SiF6, K2SiF6, or their mixture as electrolyte, industrial silicon as anode, and cathode fused salt electrolysis. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the conventional method to prepare the dehydration of molten salt electrolyte, quartz stone, carbon reduction preparation of industrial silicon directional solidification impurity anode made; (2) in a molten salt electrolyte between the electrodes applied voltage is lower than the molten salt electrolyte decomposition is higher than that of silicon deposition, inter electrode distance is greater than or equal to 1cm, constant current electrolytic refining; (3) some time out tungsten rod cathode electrolysis, insertion of a second continuous refining. Remove the tungsten rod into dilute hydrochloric acid, remove the salt, filter the product, then rinse with deionized water and dry at 60 degrees. The treated tungsten rod is reused. The process is simple, the equipment is simple, without solid, liquid and gas waste discharge, without causing two pollution, and the production of silicon nanowires has been realized at a lower cost. The purity of the silicon nanowires is up to 6 ~ 7N, and the size is 30 ~ 50nm, and the distribution is uniform.
【技术实现步骤摘要】
【技术保护点】
１．一种以ＮａＦ、ＬｉＣｌ３、ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＫＦ、Ｎａ２ＳｉＦ６、Ｋ２ＳｉＦ６或它们的混合物为电解质。工业硅为原料制成阳极，高于电解质熔点操作温度，电解精炼制备硅纳米线方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：（１）将熔盐常规方法２００℃，恒温２天脱水制成电解质，碳还原石英石制备的工业硅定向凝固除杂制成阳极；（２）在熔盐电解质中两极间施加低于熔盐电解质分解高于硅沉积的电压，极间距≥１ｃｍ，恒电流电解精炼；（３）电解一定时间取出阴极钨棒，插入另一根钨棒连续电解精炼合成硅纳米线，将取出的钨棒放入稀盐酸中除盐，过滤产物，再用去离子水清洗，６０℃烘干，封装，处理好的钨棒重新使用。
【技术特征摘要】
【专利技术属性】
技术研发人员：谢宏伟，邹祥宇，王锦霞，翟玉春，
申请(专利权)人：东北大学，
类型：发明
国别省市：89
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