The invention relates to a high-efficiency silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and a preparation method, belonging to the technical field of preparation of lithium ion battery materials. Technical scheme: After weighing lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, they are mixed evenly and pressed into bulk material A; then nano-silicon is placed in receiving dish, bulk material A is placed in heating part of reactor dish, and lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide are deposited on the surface of nano-silicon under bombardment voltage in inert atmosphere and vacuum to obtain composite B; composite B is used as working electrode and saturated with glycerol. Mercury was used as reference electrode, platinum electrode was used as electrode, vinyl carbonate of bistrifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide was used as solvent, electrochemical deposition was carried out, added to absolute ethanol solution of lithium acetate, soaked, washed and dried to obtain silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material. By coating a composite material similar to SEI material on the surface of nano-silicon, the invention avoids the consumption of lithium ions in the charging and discharging process of nano-silicon, and improves its first efficiency and cycle performance.
【技术实现步骤摘要】
一种高首效硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法
本专利技术涉及一种高首效硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法,属于锂离子电池材料制备
技术介绍
随着市场对高能量密度负极材料需求的增加,要求锂离子电池所用负极材料具有更高的比容量及更好的循环性能。目前,锂离子电池的负极材料主要有以下几种:石墨类碳材料、无定形碳材料、硅基材料、锡基材料等。石墨类碳材料虽然作为市场占有率最高的负极材料,但是其比容量只有372mAh∙g-1,难以满足未来高比容量负极材料的需求。而硅材料的理论比容量高达4200mAh∙g-1,但是硅在循环过程中由于体积变化剧烈,会造成材料粉化而失去与导电基底的联结,最终将导致容量的迅速衰减,同时其材料的首次效率偏低(80%以下),限制其材料的推广应用。虽然通过硅材料纳米化、多孔化可以降低硅在锂化过程中的应力变化,减少材料的粉化,有利于提高硅基负极的循环性能,并且通过在材料表面包覆碳材料也可以降低其膨胀及其提高首次效率,但是幅度不明显,仍然难以满足市场对硅基材料高首效、高容量、高循环的需求,比如专利(CN103165874A)公开了以硅合金粉末为原料,与无机酸反应生 ...
【技术保护点】
1.一种高首效硅碳复合负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于以纳米硅为内核,碳酸锂、氢氧化锂、氟化锂及醋酸锂为外壳组成,其外壳的厚度为0.1~0.5µm;制备过程为:(1)复合材料B的制备:称取碳酸锂和氢氧化锂混合均匀后,并通过球磨机研磨到粒径为10~100nm,并通过平压机压制成块状材料A;之后通过物理气相沉积法,将纳米硅放置于接收皿中,块状材料A放置于反应器皿加热部位中,并在惰性气氛和1~10Pa真空度下,轰击电压200V~1000V负高压,离击时间为5min~60min,最后在纳米硅表面沉积碳酸锂和氢氧化锂,得到复合材料B;其中,纳米硅的粒径为10~500nm;(2)电化学沉 ...
【技术特征摘要】
1.一种高首效硅碳复合负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于以纳米硅为内核,碳酸锂、氢氧化锂、氟化锂及醋酸锂为外壳组成,其外壳的厚度为0.1~0.5µm;制备过程为:(1)复合材料B的制备:称取碳酸锂和氢氧化锂混合均匀后,并通过球磨机研磨到粒径为10~100nm,并通过平压机压制成块状材料A;之后通过物理气相沉积法,将纳米硅放置于接收皿中,块状材料A放置于反应器皿加热部位中,并在惰性气氛和1~10Pa真空度下,轰击电压200V~1000V负高压,离击时间为5min~60min,最后在纳米硅表面沉积碳酸锂和氢氧化锂,得到复合材料B;其中,纳米硅的粒...
【专利技术属性】
技术研发人员:王圆方,代建国,平国政,乔乔,李延立,
申请(专利权)人:成都爱敏特新能源技术有限公司,
类型:发明
国别省市:四川,51
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