The invention discloses a cultivation method to prevent and control the stem base rot of autumn tomato. The following steps are as follows: after the clean field of the previous stubble, the shallow cultivation border 10 cm before planting the seedlings, reducing the heat of the soil, reducing the soil heat storage, applying the 968 microbial microbial fertilizer along the border or furrow, using 100 ~ 150kg per 667m2, the cultivation of half high ridge, and the ridge height not more than 10 Cm, do not cover the film; use the sun shading tray matrix to raise seedlings for 20 days; before planting seedlings, the seedlings must be flooded 2~3 times before planting, in order to reduce the ground temperature, make soil moisture and steady. In the process of seedling emergence and seedling cultivation, the seedlings should grasp the head of the seedlings and do not pinch the stem base of the seedlings; the shading net should be covered in 1 weeks before the planting, and the planting is in time after planting. In the management of the net, the temperature was controlled at 25 to 28 C in the daytime, and the root was reduced by the temperature. The water was irrigated by the small water after the planting. The water did not diffuse the stem and the ridge, and the water soluble fertilizer was used \Li Li\, and the sprays and the roots were sprayed for 5~7 days and 1 times, 3 times in a continuous period. The application of this method to the cultivation of Tomato in autumn can effectively prevent the occurrence of basal rot of tomato stems in autumn, basically undead, no seedlings, high seedling rate, reduced the use of pesticides, and improved the yield and benefit of autumn tomato.
【技术实现步骤摘要】
一种防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的栽培方法
本专利技术涉及大棚蔬菜种植领域,具体涉及一种防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的栽培方法。
技术介绍
近年来,由于受设施栽培、种植种类单一等因素的影响,设施番茄栽培大多数不能进行合理的轮作倒茬,致使设施番茄茎基腐病的发生呈逐年加重趋势,已成为番茄设施生产中的重要病害之一。特别是大棚秋番茄发病更为严重,轻者可造成番茄缺苗断垄,而发病严重的地块甚至整片死亡。据调查,一般秋季定植后7~10天至第1穗花开花结果这段时间普遍发病,轻的发病率10%~20%,造成缺苗断垄,重的可死苗30%~40%。目前,生产上往往通过被动的补苗来应对此病的危害,使田间番茄整齐度差或缺苗,进而降低产量与效益。番茄茎基腐病主要危害定植后的秧苗茎基部(多数在土表上下3~5cm处)或地下根系,病部开始为暗褐色水浸状病斑,以后绕茎部扩展一周,使皮层腐烂,严重时从病部折断,地上部叶片逐渐变黄、开始是中午萎蔫,几日后造成秧苗死亡。秋大棚番茄定植后7~10天即开始发病,对前期秧苗危害最大。该病系土传病害,多以菌丝体及菌核在土壤中或病残体上越冬,并可在土壤中腐生存活2~3年。在条件适宜的设施中,菌核萌发产生菌丝可直接侵染幼苗。若田间管理粗放或植株产生伤口等条件时可迅速扩展,致番茄秧苗植株发病。该病菌发育适温为24℃~26℃,在棚室等保护地中温度达17℃~23℃,田间相对湿度达85%以上时,该病发展蔓延速度较快。另外,番茄苗定植后浇水过大,土壤粘重,通风排湿不畅、定植过深等因素也利于该病迅速发生。另外,研究表明,番茄不同发育时期,病原菌的优势种也不同,即苗期以腐霉和镰孢菌占优势, ...
【技术保护点】
1.一种防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:一、前茬清洁田园后,在秧苗定植前,浅中耕栽培畦10厘米,减少土壤蓄热,顺畦或沟施“968”微生物菌肥,每667m2施用100~150kg,宜半高垄栽培,垄高不超过10cm,不覆盖地膜;二、大棚栽苗前必须早浇透水2~3次,以便降地温、造墒和踏实地;三、在秧苗起苗、栽苗过程中,宜手抓秧苗头部,不捏伤秧苗茎基部,不让茎基部皮层受伤;秧苗一定要精细浅栽,茎部不围土,同时保证秧苗不倒地,茎不着地,茎处不扎根;四、定植前1周大棚内覆盖遮阳网降温,定植后及时进行网的揭盖管理,白天温度控制在25℃~28℃,降温促根发;五、定植后小水灌溉,做到水不漫茎、不漫垄;六、定植后施用“可立克”微量元素水溶肥,喷雾秧苗和喷淋根基预防茎基腐病,5~7天1次,兑水稀释500‑700倍即1袋30克肥兑水15~20千克,病害严重时适当加量。
【技术特征摘要】
1.一种防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:一、前茬清洁田园后,在秧苗定植前,浅中耕栽培畦10厘米,减少土壤蓄热,顺畦或沟施“968”微生物菌肥,每667m2施用100~150kg,宜半高垄栽培,垄高不超过10cm,不覆盖地膜;二、大棚栽苗前必须早浇透水2~3次,以便降地温、造墒和踏实地;三、在秧苗起苗、栽苗过程中,宜手抓秧苗头部,不捏伤秧苗茎基部,不让茎基部皮层受伤;秧苗一定要精细浅栽,茎部不围土,同时保证秧苗不倒地,茎不着地,茎处不扎根;四、定植前1周大棚内覆盖遮阳网降温,定植后及时进行网的揭盖管理,白天温度控制在25℃~28℃,降温促根发;五、定植后小水灌溉,做到水不漫茎、不漫垄;六、定植后施用“可立克”微量元素水溶肥,喷雾秧苗和喷淋根基预防茎基腐病,5~7天1次,兑水稀释50...
【专利技术属性】
技术研发人员:张新,张志勇,张金宝,胡根海,王清连,
申请(专利权)人:河南科技学院,
类型:发明
国别省市:河南,41
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